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Ballast water discharges by ships can have a negative impact on the marine environment. Cruise ships, large tankers, and bulk cargo carriers use a huge amount of ballast water, which is often taken on in the coastal waters in one region after ships discharge wastewater or unload cargo, and discharged at the next port of call, wherever more cargo is loaded. Ballast water discharge typically contains a variety of biological materials, including plants, animals, viruses, and bacteria. These materials often include non-native, nuisance, exotic species that can cause extensive ecological and economic damage to aquatic ecosystems, along with serious human health issues including death. ==Problematic species== There are hundreds of organisms carried in ballast water that cause problematic ecological effects outside of their natural range. The International Maritime Organization list the ten most unwanted species as:〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments ) 〕 *Cholera ''Vibrio cholerae'' (various strains) *Cladoceran Water Flea ''Cercopagis pengoi'' *Mitten Crab ''Eriocheir sinensis'' *Toxic algae (red/brown/green tides) (various species) *Round Goby ''Neogobius melanostomus'' *North American Comb Jelly ''Mnemiopsis leidyi'' *North Pacific Seastar ''Asterias amurensis'' *Zebra Mussel ''Dreissena polymorpha'' *Asian Kelp ''Undaria pinnatifida'' *European Green Crab ''Carcinus maenas'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ballast water discharge and the environment」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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